PX to EM Converter
Convert PX to EM effortlessly with our PX to EM converter. Simplify your web design with accurate, responsive unit conversions.
Pixels (PX) to EM
We’re assuming the standard default browser font-size of 16px
Pixels | EM |
1px | 0.0625em |
2px | 0.125em |
3px | 0.1875em |
4px | 0.25em |
5px | 0.3125em |
6px | 0.375em |
8px | 0.5em |
10px | 0.625em |
12px | 0.75em |
14px | 0.875em |
15px | 0.9375em |
16px | 1em |
18px | 1.125em |
20px | 1.25em |
24px | 1.5em |
25px | 1.5625em |
28px | 1.75em |
32px | 2em |
36px | 2.25em |
40px | 2.5em |
44px | 2.75em |
48px | 3em |
50px | 3.125em |
56px | 3.5em |
64px | 4em |
72px | 4.5em |
75px | 4.6875em |
80px | 5em |
90px | 5.625em |
100px | 6.25em |
EM to Pixels (PX)
EM | Pixels |
0.01em | 0.16px |
0.03em | 0.48px |
0.05em | 0.8px |
0.08em | 1.28px |
0.1em | 1.6px |
0.15em | 2.4px |
0.2em | 3.2px |
0.5em | 8px |
1em | 16px |
2em | 32px |
3em | 48px |
4em | 64px |
5em | 80px |
6em | 96px |
8em | 128px |
10em | 160px |
15em | 240px |
20em | 320px |
30em | 480px |
40em | 640px |
50em | 800px |
60em | 960px |
80em | 1280px |
100em | 1600px |
What are PX in CSS?
In CSS, PX (pixels) is an absolute unit of measurement used to define the size of elements. Unlike relative units such as EM and REM, PX provides fixed, non-scaling values that don’t change relative to the parent or root element. Here’s a breakdown of PX and its use cases:
Definition of PX:
- Pixels (PX): A pixel is a unit that corresponds to a single dot on a computer screen or display. In CSS, 1px represents one pixel of the display, regardless of screen resolution or size.
- Fixed Size: Unlike EM and REM, which are relative units, PX is an absolute unit, meaning it sets a fixed size for an element, regardless of the context or surrounding elements.
Characteristics of PX:
- Absolute Measurement: PX provides an absolute value, meaning the size set using PX will remain the same, regardless of the surrounding environment or context (like parent elements).
- Non-Responsive: Since PX is an absolute unit, it doesn’t scale automatically based on the user’s screen size, resolution, or browser settings. For responsive designs, PX is often less flexible than relative units like REM or percentages.
- Precise Control: PX gives designers exact control over the sizing of elements. If you need a specific size, regardless of other factors, PX is a reliable option.
- Device-Dependent: While PX is considered an absolute unit, its actual size may vary slightly across devices with different screen densities (e.g., standard displays vs. Retina displays). Modern browsers and operating systems often use techniques like device pixel ratio (DPR) to ensure that CSS pixels render consistently on high-resolution displays.
Use Cases of PX:
- Precise Element Sizing: PX is ideal when you need exact dimensions for elements like buttons, icons, or images, where having fixed sizes is important for maintaining the design’s integrity.
- Example: Setting a button’s width and height to 100px by 40px guarantees that the button will always be exactly that size, regardless of the device or browser.
- Design Consistency: When creating pixel-perfect layouts where the designer requires precise and consistent sizing across different browsers, PX ensures that all elements render exactly as specified.
- Example: For logos, icons, or fixed headers and footers, where exact size and alignment are critical, PX ensures they appear as intended across different devices.
- Avoiding Scaling Issues: In some cases, using relative units like EM or REM might cause unintended scaling effects, especially in nested elements. PX can be used to avoid this issue by ensuring that elements remain fixed in size.
- Example: When designing small interface elements like toolbars, status bars, or tiny UI components where scaling is undesirable, PX ensures the elements maintain their intended size.
- When Responsiveness Isn’t Critical: PX is useful for components that do not need to scale or adapt to different screen sizes or resolutions, such as fixed-width sidebars, pixel-perfect graphics, or print-like layouts.
- Example: In some fixed-width websites or specific sections where responsive design is not necessary, PX allows for precise control without worrying about how the design will scale.
When to Avoid PX:
- Responsive Design: Since PX is an absolute unit, it doesn’t scale naturally with screen size or user preferences. For responsive design, using relative units like REM or percentages is generally better because they adjust based on the user’s device and settings.
- Accessibility: PX can limit accessibility since users who increase or decrease their browser’s default font size may not see changes in elements sized with PX. This can lead to issues with text readability or layout usability for users with visual impairments.
- Fluid Layouts: In modern web design, fluid and flexible layouts are more common, and PX can be rigid in comparison. For websites that need to adapt to various screen sizes and resolutions, relative units like REM or EM offer more flexibility.
Example of PX in CSS:
body { font-size: 16px; } h1 { font-size: 32px; /* Always 32px regardless of parent or screen size */ } button { width: 120px; height: 40px; padding: 10px; }
Summary:
- Advantages:
- Provides exact control over element sizing.
- Ideal for fixed-size elements like icons, logos, and buttons.
- Useful in designs that require pixel-perfect accuracy.
- Disadvantages:
- Not responsive: Does not adjust automatically based on screen size or device.
- Accessibility limitations: Does not scale with user settings or browser preferences.
- Can lead to rigid designs that don’t adapt well to different environments.
In modern web development, while PX is still useful for certain fixed-size elements, it’s often used in combination with relative units like REM and EM to ensure both precision and responsiveness.
What is EM in CSS?
EM is a CSS unit of measurement that is relative to the font size of the current element or its parent element. Like REM, it is used to create flexible, scalable layouts, but with one key difference: while REM is relative to the root element’s font size, EM is relative to the font size of the element it’s applied to (or the nearest parent element).
Here’s how EM works:
- EM: This unit is relative to the font size of the element or its parent element. For instance, if a parent element has a font size of 16px, then
1em
equals 16px. However, if the font size of a parent or containing element changes, the EM values inside it adjust proportionally, which can sometimes result in compounding or cascading size effects.
Example:
- If the parent element has a font size of 16px and you set a child element to
2em
, the child element’s font size will be 32px (2 * 16px). - If the parent element has a font size of 16px, but you apply
2em
to the parent and2em
to the child, the child’s font size will be 64px (because it multiplies by the parent’s new size).
Advantages of EM:
- Relative to Parent: It provides flexibility in nested contexts where you want elements to scale based on the size of their parent element.
- Versatile: It is often used for sizing elements like padding, margins, and font sizes where flexibility is needed.
Potential Downsides:
- Cascading Effects: The size of elements can quickly become difficult to manage because they depend on their parent elements, leading to larger-than-expected values if the EM units are applied multiple times in a hierarchy.
- Less Predictability: Compared to REM, which remains consistent across a page, EM units can change in unpredictable ways, especially in nested structures.
Difference Between EM and REM:
- EM is relative to the font size of the parent element or the element itself.
- REM is always relative to the root element’s font size, making it more predictable and easier to manage for larger projects, especially in responsive design.
In summary, while EM is great for situations where you want an element to scale with its parent, it requires more attention in complex layouts to avoid unintentional size increases.
PX vs EM
Aspect | PX (Pixels) | EM |
---|---|---|
Definition | PX is an absolute unit representing a fixed number of pixels on the screen. | EM is a relative unit of measurement based on the font size of the parent element. |
Usage Context | Commonly used for precise control over element dimensions, layout, margins, padding, and font sizes. | Commonly used for scalable, flexible layouts where sizing needs to adjust relative to the parent element. |
Measurement Basis | Fixed size, independent of any other element, and typically unaffected by browser settings. | Relative to the font size of the parent or containing element. |
Scalability | Does not scale automatically, requiring media queries or manual adjustments for responsive designs. | Automatically scales relative to the parent element, making it more flexible for responsive design. |
Consistency | Consistent across screens with the same resolution, but may appear differently on devices with varying pixel densities (high-DPI screens). | Varies based on the size of the parent element, so it can behave differently depending on the context of the design. |
Responsiveness | Not inherently responsive, requires media queries or other techniques to adapt to different screen sizes. | Naturally responsive, as EM values scale based on the parent element’s font size, making it useful for fluid designs. |
Precision | Offers pixel-perfect precision, making it ideal for fixed layouts where exact control over dimensions is necessary. | Provides flexible control over sizes, though less precise than PX for maintaining exact, fixed dimensions. |
Common Applications | Used for setting precise element sizes, font sizes, margins, padding, and other layout aspects in web and mobile designs. | Best for responsive typography, scalable padding, margins, and other elements that need to adjust based on parent context. |
Inheritance | PX values do not inherit from parent elements; they remain fixed regardless of surrounding context. | EM values inherit from the parent element’s font size, which can lead to compounding effects when nested. |
Conversion | 1px = 1 screen pixel, no conversion is needed. | 1em = 100% of the parent element’s font size (e.g., if the parent font size is 16px, 1em = 16px). |
Scaling Behavior | Does not scale unless adjusted using responsive techniques, and may appear differently on screens with varying DPI. | Automatically scales with changes in the parent element’s font size, useful for responsive, flexible designs. |
Example | font-size: 16px; /* Fixed at 16 pixels */ |
font-size: 1.5em; /* 1.5 times the parent element's font size */ |
Best Used For | Best for fixed, pixel-perfect designs where exact control over element dimensions and layout is critical. | Best for scalable, flexible designs where sizes need to adjust relative to their context, especially for typography. |
Use Cases for PX and EM
Use Cases for PX (Pixels):
PX (pixels) is one of the most commonly used CSS units for digital content. It is an absolute unit based on the resolution of the device, where 1px equals one device pixel (or screen dot). PX units are not scalable like REM or EM, but they offer precise control over the size of elements in web design.
Precise Control in Digital Design:
Use PX when you need exact control over the size of elements on the screen, such as icons, buttons, or other interface components. PX units ensure that the design renders consistently across devices.
Example:
.icon { width: 48px; height: 48px; }
Fixed Layouts and UI Components:
PX is useful for fixed-width layouts where elements need to maintain specific dimensions, regardless of screen size or resolution. This is especially common in header bars, sidebars, buttons, or other UI components where the exact size matters.
Example:
.header { height: 80px; }
Typography for Digital Media:
While REM and EM are often preferred for responsive typography, PX is used when precise control over font size is needed for specific text elements. For instance, when working with logos, hero text, or UI elements, pixel-based sizing ensures consistency across devices.
Example:
h1 { font-size: 24px; }
Raster Images and Icon Sizing:
Since raster images (such as PNGs or JPEGs) are made of pixels, sizing them in PX ensures they display at their intended resolution without distortion. This is important for web images, logos, and icons.
Example:
img { width: 300px; height: auto; }
Non-Responsive Designs:
In situations where a design does not need to be responsive (e.g., banners, ads, or older websites), PX units are commonly used to fix element sizes. It simplifies the layout process by keeping everything at a fixed size.
Use Cases for EM:
EM units are useful when you want elements to scale based on the font size of their parent or themselves, making them ideal for nested components or when relative scaling within specific contexts is desired.
Component-Level Sizing:
- If you have a reusable component and want its child elements to scale relative to the parent’s size, EM works well. This is often the case in UI elements like buttons, cards, or navigation menus where the sizing of child elements needs to adapt based on the parent component’s font size.
Example:
.button { font-size: 1.5em; /* Scales relative to parent font size */ padding: 0.5em 1em; }
Nested Layouts and Local Control:
- In cases where you want nested elements to scale based on their immediate parent’s font size (not the root element), EM offers greater flexibility.
- For example, in a navigation bar or card component, you might want buttons, labels, or icons to scale with the parent rather than the entire page.
Example:
.menu { font-size: 1.2em; /* Sets the base font size for the menu */ } .menu-item { font-size: 1em; /* Inherits and scales based on .menu */ }
Fine-Tuning Localized Sizing:
- EM allows for more granular control of the sizing within smaller or nested elements. For example, if you have a container with a specific font size, EM helps to ensure that padding, margins, or font sizes inside the container stay in proportion to it.
Example:
.box { font-size: 1.2em; padding: 1em; /* Padding will be proportional to the container's font size */ }
Typography in Nested Elements:
- When working with nested typography, EM allows child elements to scale based on their direct parent. For instance, if you have a heading within a section of the page that should have a larger font size relative to the rest of the content, you can apply EM units.
Example:
.section { font-size: 1.5em; } .section h2 { font-size: 1.2em; /* Scales based on the section's font size */ }
FAQ on PX to EM
What is a PX to EM converter?
A PX to EM converter is an online tool or code snippet used to convert pixel values to em units in web design. This makes it easier to create a responsive layout. Understanding relative units like em helps in improving typography and overall responsive design.
How do you use a PX to EM converter?
Using a PX to EM converter is straightforward. Simply input the pixel value and the base font size of the parent element. The tool then calculates the equivalent em value. This is crucial for implementing scalable and fluid typography in CSS-based projects.
Why is it important to convert PX to EM?
Converting PX to EM is important for responsive design. EM units are relative to the font size of their parent element, making them adaptable to different screen sizes and devices. This flexibility is key for creating accessible, mobile-friendly websites.
What is the formula to convert PX to EM?
The formula to convert pixels to em is: EM = PX / (Parent Element Font Size in PX). For example, if the parent element’s font size is 16px and you have 32px, the calculation is 32 / 16 = 2em. This formula helps front-end developers achieve consistent typography.
Can I use a PX to EM converter for media queries?
Absolutely, using a PX to EM converter for media queries is a great practice. By using relative units, you ensure that your layout remains scalable and adaptable across various device sizes. This approach supports a mobile-first design strategy and optimizes user experience.
How does a PX to EM converter benefit web accessibility?
A PX to EM converter improves web accessibility by allowing for font sizes that can be easily scaled by users. This is crucial for users with visual impairments who need larger text sizes. Scaling with em units ensures more accessible and readable content across different devices.
Is there a difference between EM and REM?
Yes, EM units are relative to the font size of their parent element. REM units, on the other hand, are relative to the root element’s font size. Both have their uses in responsive web design, but REM can simplify scaling across an entire site.
Where can I find good PX to EM conversion tools?
Numerous online tools are available for PX to EM conversion. Websites like CSS Tricks, JavaScript functions, and code libraries offer helpful tools to make your conversion process seamless. Some CSS frameworks also come with built-in converters for pixel-to-em calculations.
What is the difference between PX, EM, and REM in CSS?
In CSS, PX stands for pixels and represents absolute units. EM and REM are relative units. EM units are dependent on the parent element’s font size, while REM units rely on the root element’s font size. Using these units effectively ensures cross-browser compatibility and scalable design.
How do conversion ratios impact responsive web design?
Conversion ratios directly impact responsive web design by dictating how flexible and adaptable elements are. Correctly converted values using em units ensure that text and layout scale consistently across different screen sizes. This is vital for maintaining a fluid, responsive site experience.